Mock简介
Mock
的意思就是模拟
,EasyMock
本身就是进行模拟测试的一个框架
单元测试时,可能我们的代码要依赖于其它的类,但这些类可能位于Jar包中
而我们还要去使用这些类,这时就可以通过EasyMock来模拟它
其实EasyMock本身所采用的底层的原理就是Java的动态代理
Tips: JMock
也是用来进行模拟测试的,但是它与EasyMock的侧重点不太一样
mock和stub的区别
mock
关注的是交互,主要解决的问题是对象之间的交互,而stub
关注的是状态
EasyMock
就是实现Mock对象的框架,Mock对象
是用来对一些未实现关联对象的类进行测试的对象
EasyMock框架在使用时只需要一个easymock-3.1.jar
其下载地址为http://sourceforge.net/projects/easymock/files/
Mock生命周期
比如说UserService
依赖于UserDao
,如果UserDao没有实现,那么我们就可以通过Mock来模拟UserDao的实现
这个过程可以分为以下三步
1、record:记录UserDao可能会发生的操作的结果,并记录下所有交互过程
2、replay:创建UserServiceImpl和UserDao的关联并完成测试
3、verify:验证交互关系是否正确
Mock创建方式
也有以下三种方式可以创建Mock
1、createMock
此时创建的mock对象在进行verify时仅仅检查关联方法是否正常完成调用,只要完成次数一致就认为测试通过
2、createNiceMock
很少使用,略掉
3、createStrictMock
与createMock不同的是,它还要验证关联方法的调用顺序,即verify时要同时验证完成调用的次数和调用顺序
小结
还是以UserService
依赖于UserDao
为例
如果UserService开发完毕,但UserDao未开发完,这时又想测试UserService,那么便可借助Mock方式来测试
具体做法如下
用EasyMock虚拟一个UserDao对象,然后在它上面针对UserService方法所需的各方法进行声明其可能出现的调用结果
即声明UserDao各方法所需的入参和返回结果,再调用UserService中的方法(即内部调用了UserDao的方法)并验证结果
如果对UserService方法的Mock测试全部通过,则表明UserService是编写正确的
如果实际应用中发现UserService发生错误,则说明UserDao出错,而非UserService出错
说白了:当我们发现所依赖的对象没有实现,而此时又想做测试的话,就可以考虑用Mock来做测试
示例代码
首先是用到的实体类User.java
package com.xuanyuv.model;
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
/*--三个属性的setter和getter略--*/
public User(){}
public User(int id, String username, String password) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
}
然后是用到的两个DAO接口类UserDao.java
以及BlogDao.java
package com.xuanyuv.dao;
import com.xuanyuv.model.User;
public interface UserDao {
public User load(String username);
public void delete(String username);
public User save(User user);
}
package com.xuanyuv.dao;
public interface BlogDao {
public void update(String username);
}
下面是Service接口类UserService.java
package com.xuanyuv.service;
import com.xuanyuv.model.User;
public interface UserService {
public User get(String username);
public User list(String username);
public void update(String username);
public User insert(User user);
public User login(String username, String password);
}
下面是Service接口实现类UserServiceImpl.java
package com.xuanyuv.service.impl;
import com.xuanyuv.dao.BlogDao;
import com.xuanyuv.dao.UserDao;
import com.xuanyuv.model.User;
import com.xuanyuv.service.UserService;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
private BlogDao blogDao;
public UserServiceImpl(){}
public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao){
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao, BlogDao blogDao){
this.userDao = userDao;
this.blogDao = blogDao;
}
@Override
public User get(String username) {
return userDao.load(username);
}
@Override
public User list(String username) {
userDao.load("https://www.xuanyuv.com/");
userDao.delete(username);
return userDao.load(username);
}
@Override
public void update(String username) {
blogDao.update(username);
userDao.delete(username);
}
@Override
public User insert(User user) {
if(null != userDao.load(user.getUsername())){
throw new RuntimeException("用户[" + user.getUsername() + "]已存在");
}
return userDao.save(user);
}
@Override
public User login(String username, String password) {
User user = userDao.load(username);
if(null == user){
throw new RuntimeException("用户[" + username + "]不存在");
}
if(!user.getPassword().equals(password)){
throw new RuntimeException("用户[" + user.getUsername() + "]密码错误");
}
return user;
}
}
最后是包含了EasyMock
简单用法的测试用例UserServiceTest.java
package com.xuanyuv.service;
import org.easymock.EasyMock;
import org.easymock.IMocksControl;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.xuanyuv.dao.BlogDao;
import com.xuanyuv.dao.UserDao;
import com.xuanyuv.model.User;
import com.xuanyuv.service.UserService;
import com.xuanyuv.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
/**
* EasyMock测试普通Service
* Created by 玄玉<https://www.xuanyuv.com/> on 2013/07/09 14:15.
*/
public class UserServiceTest {
/**
* 测试普通Mock的使用
*/
@Test
public void testMock(){
//创建DAO的Mock对象
UserDao dao = EasyMock.createMock(UserDao.class);
//进入record阶段
//下面这行代码意思是:当调用dao.load()方法且传入参数为hongyu时,其返回值为user对象
User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
//如果UserService.get()里面调用了两次dao.load(),那么这里就要指定其次数
//EasyMock.expect(dao.load("hongyu")).andReturn(user).times(2);
EasyMock.expect(dao.load("hongyu")).andReturn(user);
//进入replay阶段
EasyMock.replay(dao);
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
User user22 = service.get("hongyu");
Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
//进入verify阶段
EasyMock.verify(dao);
}
/**
* 测试StrictMock的使用
*/
@Test
public void testStrictMock(){
UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
//关键在这里:必须把交互的所有过程都记录下来
//也就是说dao方法被调用了几次,分别是调用的哪个方法,包括传的参数及返回值
//若UserServiceImpl.getTwice()中调用两次load()传入参数都是hongyu
//那么下面这两次的expect()操作便可写成一行
//EasyMock.expect(dao.load("hongyu")).andReturn(user).times(2);
EasyMock.expect(dao.load("https://www.xuanyuv.com/")).andReturn(user);
//expectLastCall()是用来操作没有返回值的方法
//此时要先执行dao中没有返回值的方法,然后再调用expectLastCall()方法
dao.delete("hongyu");
EasyMock.expectLastCall();
EasyMock.expect(dao.load("hongyu")).andReturn(user);
EasyMock.replay(dao);
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
User user22 = service.list("hongyu");
Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
EasyMock.verify(dao);
}
/**
* 使用MocksControl可以检查一组调用对象之间的关系
* 它比较适用于这种情景:UserService中的某个方法依赖于UserDao和BlogDao等多个对象的情况
*/
@Test
public void testMocksControl(){
//也可以通过Control创建一组Mock对象:如EasyMock.createControl()
IMocksControl control = EasyMock.createStrictControl();
//这时创建的Mock对象就类似于EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
UserDao userDao = control.createMock(UserDao.class);
BlogDao blogDao = control.createMock(BlogDao.class);
blogDao.update("xuanyu");
EasyMock.expectLastCall();
userDao.delete("xuanyu");
EasyMock.expectLastCall();
//让MocksControl进行操作
control.replay();
new UserServiceImpl(userDao, blogDao).update("xuanyu");
//验证MocksControl中的所有mock调用
control.verify();
}
/**
* 测试添加一个不存在的用户
*/
@Test
public void testInsertNotExistUser(){
//先做好准备工作
UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
//然后开始EasyMock的测试
//先要保证用户不存在,所以要先andReturn(null)
EasyMock.expect(dao.load(user.getUsername())).andReturn(null);
EasyMock.expect(dao.save(user)).andReturn(user);
EasyMock.replay(dao);
User user22 = service.insert(user);
Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
EasyMock.verify(dao);
}
/**
* 测试添加一个存在的用户
* 为了查看效果,可以将expected=RuntimeException.class删去
*/
@Test(expected=RuntimeException.class)
public void testInsertExistUser(){
//先做好准备工作
UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
//然后开始EasyMock的测试
//先要保证用户存在,所以要先andReturn(user)
EasyMock.expect(dao.load(user.getUsername())).andReturn(user);
EasyMock.expect(dao.save(user)).andReturn(user);
EasyMock.replay(dao);
User user22 = service.insert(user);
Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
EasyMock.verify(dao);
}
/**
* 测试用户登录成功
*/
@Test
public void testLoginSuccess(){
//同样先做好准备工作
UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
//开始测试
//指定测试时所要登录的用户名和密码
//由于这里是要测试登录成功的情况,所以这里用户名密码就要与准备数据中的相同
String username = "hongyu";
String password = "xuanyu";
//先要保证用户存在,所以要先andReturn(user)
EasyMock.expect(dao.load(username)).andReturn(user);
EasyMock.replay(dao);
User user22 = service.login(username, password);
Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
EasyMock.verify(dao);
}
/**
* 测试用户登录失败(用户不存在)
* 为了查看效果,可以将expected=RuntimeException.class删去
*/
@Test(expected=RuntimeException.class)
public void testLoginFailNotExistUser(){
//同样先做好准备工作
UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
//开始测试
//指定测试时所要登录的是一个不存在的用户
String username = "hongyu";
String password = "xuanyu";
//为了保证用户存在,这里就要andReturn(null),因为dao.load一个不存在用户时取到的是null
EasyMock.expect(dao.load(username)).andReturn(null);
EasyMock.replay(dao);
service.login(username, password);
EasyMock.verify(dao);
}
/**
* 测试用户登录失败(用户密码错误)
* 为了查看效果,可以将expected=RuntimeException.class删去
*/
@Test(expected=RuntimeException.class)
public void testLoginFailPasswordError(){
//同样先做好准备工作
UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
//开始测试
//指定测试时所要登录的是一个密码错误的用户
String username = "hongyu";
String password = "banbuduo";
//密码错误时用户是存在的,所以要andReturn(user)
EasyMock.expect(dao.load(username)).andReturn(user);
EasyMock.replay(dao);
service.login(username, password);
EasyMock.verify(dao);
}
}