半步多 玄玉V笔记

EasyMock测试普通Service

2013-07-09
玄玉

Mock简介

Mock的意思就是模拟EasyMock本身就是进行模拟测试的一个框架

单元测试时,可能我们的代码要依赖于其它的类,但这些类可能位于Jar包中

而我们还要去使用这些类,这时就可以通过EasyMock来模拟它

其实EasyMock本身所采用的底层的原理就是Java的动态代理

Tips: JMock也是用来进行模拟测试的,但是它与EasyMock的侧重点不太一样

mock和stub的区别

mock关注的是交互,主要解决的问题是对象之间的交互,而stub关注的是状态

EasyMock就是实现Mock对象的框架,Mock对象是用来对一些未实现关联对象的类进行测试的对象

EasyMock框架在使用时只需要一个easymock-3.1.jar

其下载地址为http://sourceforge.net/projects/easymock/files/

Mock生命周期

比如说UserService依赖于UserDao,如果UserDao没有实现,那么我们就可以通过Mock来模拟UserDao的实现

这个过程可以分为以下三步

1、record:记录UserDao可能会发生的操作的结果,并记录下所有交互过程

2、replay:创建UserServiceImpl和UserDao的关联并完成测试

3、verify:验证交互关系是否正确

Mock创建方式

也有以下三种方式可以创建Mock

1、createMock

  此时创建的mock对象在进行verify时仅仅检查关联方法是否正常完成调用,只要完成次数一致就认为测试通过

2、createNiceMock

  很少使用,略掉

3、createStrictMock

  与createMock不同的是,它还要验证关联方法的调用顺序,即verify时要同时验证完成调用的次数和调用顺序

小结

还是以UserService依赖于UserDao为例

如果UserService开发完毕,但UserDao未开发完,这时又想测试UserService,那么便可借助Mock方式来测试

具体做法如下

用EasyMock虚拟一个UserDao对象,然后在它上面针对UserService方法所需的各方法进行声明其可能出现的调用结果

即声明UserDao各方法所需的入参和返回结果,再调用UserService中的方法(即内部调用了UserDao的方法)并验证结果

如果对UserService方法的Mock测试全部通过,则表明UserService是编写正确的

如果实际应用中发现UserService发生错误,则说明UserDao出错,而非UserService出错

说白了:当我们发现所依赖的对象没有实现,而此时又想做测试的话,就可以考虑用Mock来做测试

示例代码

首先是用到的实体类User.java

package com.xuanyuv.model;
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    /*--三个属性的setter和getter略--*/
    public User(){}
    public User(int id, String username, String password) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }
}

然后是用到的两个DAO接口类UserDao.java以及BlogDao.java

package com.xuanyuv.dao;
import com.xuanyuv.model.User;
public interface UserDao {
    public User load(String username);
    public void delete(String username);
    public User save(User user);
}
package com.xuanyuv.dao;
public interface BlogDao {
    public void update(String username);
}

下面是Service接口类UserService.java

package com.xuanyuv.service;
import com.xuanyuv.model.User;
public interface UserService {
    public User get(String username);
    public User list(String username);
    public void update(String username);
    public User insert(User user);
    public User login(String username, String password);
}

下面是Service接口实现类UserServiceImpl.java

package com.xuanyuv.service.impl;
import com.xuanyuv.dao.BlogDao;
import com.xuanyuv.dao.UserDao;
import com.xuanyuv.model.User;
import com.xuanyuv.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;
    private BlogDao blogDao;

    public UserServiceImpl(){}

    public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao){
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao, BlogDao blogDao){
        this.userDao = userDao;
        this.blogDao = blogDao;
    }

    @Override
    public User get(String username) {
        return userDao.load(username);
    }

    @Override
    public User list(String username) {
        userDao.load("https://www.xuanyuv.com/");
        userDao.delete(username);
        return userDao.load(username);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(String username) {
        blogDao.update(username);
        userDao.delete(username);
    }

    @Override
    public User insert(User user) {
        if(null != userDao.load(user.getUsername())){
            throw new RuntimeException("用户[" + user.getUsername() + "]已存在");
        }
        return userDao.save(user);
    }

    @Override
    public User login(String username, String password) {
        User user = userDao.load(username);
        if(null == user){
            throw new RuntimeException("用户[" + username + "]不存在");
        }
        if(!user.getPassword().equals(password)){
            throw new RuntimeException("用户[" + user.getUsername() + "]密码错误");
        }
        return user;
    }
}

最后是包含了EasyMock简单用法的测试用例UserServiceTest.java

package com.xuanyuv.service;
import org.easymock.EasyMock;
import org.easymock.IMocksControl;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.xuanyuv.dao.BlogDao;
import com.xuanyuv.dao.UserDao;
import com.xuanyuv.model.User;
import com.xuanyuv.service.UserService;
import com.xuanyuv.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;

/**
 * EasyMock测试普通Service
 * Created by 玄玉<https://www.xuanyuv.com/> on 2013/07/09 14:15.
 */
public class UserServiceTest {
    /**
     * 测试普通Mock的使用
     */
    @Test
    public void testMock(){
        //创建DAO的Mock对象
        UserDao dao = EasyMock.createMock(UserDao.class);
        //进入record阶段
        //下面这行代码意思是:当调用dao.load()方法且传入参数为hongyu时,其返回值为user对象
        User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
        //如果UserService.get()里面调用了两次dao.load(),那么这里就要指定其次数
        //EasyMock.expect(dao.load("hongyu")).andReturn(user).times(2);
        EasyMock.expect(dao.load("hongyu")).andReturn(user);
        //进入replay阶段
        EasyMock.replay(dao);
        UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
        User user22 = service.get("hongyu");
        Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
        //进入verify阶段
        EasyMock.verify(dao);
    }

    /**
     * 测试StrictMock的使用
     */
    @Test
    public void testStrictMock(){
        UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
        User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
        //关键在这里:必须把交互的所有过程都记录下来
        //也就是说dao方法被调用了几次,分别是调用的哪个方法,包括传的参数及返回值
        //若UserServiceImpl.getTwice()中调用两次load()传入参数都是hongyu
        //那么下面这两次的expect()操作便可写成一行
        //EasyMock.expect(dao.load("hongyu")).andReturn(user).times(2);
        EasyMock.expect(dao.load("https://www.xuanyuv.com/")).andReturn(user);
        //expectLastCall()是用来操作没有返回值的方法
        //此时要先执行dao中没有返回值的方法,然后再调用expectLastCall()方法
        dao.delete("hongyu");
        EasyMock.expectLastCall();
        EasyMock.expect(dao.load("hongyu")).andReturn(user);
        EasyMock.replay(dao);
        UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
        User user22 = service.list("hongyu");
        Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
        EasyMock.verify(dao);
    }

    /**
     * 使用MocksControl可以检查一组调用对象之间的关系
     * 它比较适用于这种情景:UserService中的某个方法依赖于UserDao和BlogDao等多个对象的情况
     */
    @Test
    public void testMocksControl(){
        //也可以通过Control创建一组Mock对象:如EasyMock.createControl()
        IMocksControl control = EasyMock.createStrictControl();
        //这时创建的Mock对象就类似于EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
        UserDao userDao = control.createMock(UserDao.class);
        BlogDao blogDao = control.createMock(BlogDao.class);
        blogDao.update("xuanyu");
        EasyMock.expectLastCall();
        userDao.delete("xuanyu");
        EasyMock.expectLastCall();
        //让MocksControl进行操作
        control.replay();
        new UserServiceImpl(userDao, blogDao).update("xuanyu");
        //验证MocksControl中的所有mock调用
        control.verify();
    }

    /**
     * 测试添加一个不存在的用户
     */
    @Test
    public void testInsertNotExistUser(){
        //先做好准备工作
        UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
        User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
        UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
        //然后开始EasyMock的测试
        //先要保证用户不存在,所以要先andReturn(null)
        EasyMock.expect(dao.load(user.getUsername())).andReturn(null);
        EasyMock.expect(dao.save(user)).andReturn(user);
        EasyMock.replay(dao);
        User user22 = service.insert(user);
        Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
        EasyMock.verify(dao);
    }

    /**
     * 测试添加一个存在的用户
     * 为了查看效果,可以将expected=RuntimeException.class删去
     */
    @Test(expected=RuntimeException.class)
    public void testInsertExistUser(){
        //先做好准备工作
        UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
        User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
        UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
        //然后开始EasyMock的测试
        //先要保证用户存在,所以要先andReturn(user)
        EasyMock.expect(dao.load(user.getUsername())).andReturn(user);
        EasyMock.expect(dao.save(user)).andReturn(user);
        EasyMock.replay(dao);
        User user22 = service.insert(user);
        Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
        EasyMock.verify(dao);
    }

    /**
     * 测试用户登录成功
     */
    @Test
    public void testLoginSuccess(){
        //同样先做好准备工作
        UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
        User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
        UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
        //开始测试
        //指定测试时所要登录的用户名和密码
        //由于这里是要测试登录成功的情况,所以这里用户名密码就要与准备数据中的相同
        String username = "hongyu";
        String password = "xuanyu";
        //先要保证用户存在,所以要先andReturn(user)
        EasyMock.expect(dao.load(username)).andReturn(user);
        EasyMock.replay(dao);
        User user22 = service.login(username, password);
        Assert.assertNotNull(user22);
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getId(), user.getId());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getUsername(), user.getUsername());
        Assert.assertEquals(user22.getPassword(), user.getPassword());
        EasyMock.verify(dao);
    }

    /**
     * 测试用户登录失败(用户不存在)
     * 为了查看效果,可以将expected=RuntimeException.class删去
     */
    @Test(expected=RuntimeException.class)
    public void testLoginFailNotExistUser(){
        //同样先做好准备工作
        UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
        UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
        //开始测试
        //指定测试时所要登录的是一个不存在的用户
        String username = "hongyu";
        String password = "xuanyu";
        //为了保证用户存在,这里就要andReturn(null),因为dao.load一个不存在用户时取到的是null
        EasyMock.expect(dao.load(username)).andReturn(null);
        EasyMock.replay(dao);
        service.login(username, password);
        EasyMock.verify(dao);
    }

    /**
     * 测试用户登录失败(用户密码错误)
     * 为了查看效果,可以将expected=RuntimeException.class删去
     */
    @Test(expected=RuntimeException.class)
    public void testLoginFailPasswordError(){
        //同样先做好准备工作
        UserDao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(UserDao.class);
        User user = new User(2, "hongyu", "xuanyu");
        UserService service = new UserServiceImpl(dao);
        //开始测试
        //指定测试时所要登录的是一个密码错误的用户
        String username = "hongyu";
        String password = "banbuduo";
        //密码错误时用户是存在的,所以要andReturn(user)
        EasyMock.expect(dao.load(username)).andReturn(user);
        EasyMock.replay(dao);
        service.login(username, password);
        EasyMock.verify(dao);
    }
}

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