关于 CentOS-6.4-minimal 上面通过源码来安装 MySQL-5.5.38，传送门在此：CentOS安装MySQL
Windows 上安装完 MySQL，以前都会有一个配置向导工具，一路点下去就可以了
今天安装完 mysql-5.7.14.msi 发现：配置向导不提供了，要我们手工修改配置文件
下面来详细介绍一下操作过程
下载
官网下载社区版的页面是：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
这里 5.7.14 的安装包有300多MB，有点太大了（里面包含了一堆令人不感冒的附加管理工具）
其实 5.6.X 开始，官方就不再明确提供 msi 的下载地址了
我们可以看到 Looking for previous GA versions 里只提供了 5.5.X 这种容量要小很多的 msi 下载
现在，到了脑洞大开的时候了
官网提供的 5.5.62 下载地址为：http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.62-winx64.msi
依此类推
mysql-5.6.32-winx64.msi（37.0MB）：http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.51-winx64.msi
mysql-5.7.31-winx64.msi（117MB）：http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.44-winx64.msi
mysql-8.0.37-winx64.msi（123MB）：https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.37-winx64.msi
mysql-8.4.0-winx64.msi（128MB）：https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-8.4/mysql-8.4.0-winx64.msi
安装
下面以 mysql-8.0.13-winx64.msi 为例：双击安装包后，一路Next 下去（注意安装路径）
配置
这是在我的电脑上，安装后的目录结构（以前的图片）
配置my.ini
先备份 my-default.ini，再重命名为 my.ini（5.7 的后面版本以及 8.x 安装后没有my-default.ini，那直接新建 my.ini 即可）
下面是 my-default.ini 的内容
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
下面是 my.ini 的内容
[mysqld]
# skip-grant-tables
port=3306
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=D:\\Develop\\MySQL\\MySQLServer
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录（data目录在下面初始化时会自动创建，不需要我们手动创建）
datadir=D:\\Develop\\MySQL\\MySQLServer\\data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 允许连接失败的次数（防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统）
max_connect_errors=10
# 服务端使用的字符集
# character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# mysql-8.0.4开始，其密码认证插件就由mysql_native_password改为了caching_sha2_password，而很多数据库工具和链接包暂时还不支持caching_sha2_password
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
[mysql]
# default-character-set=utf8
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
设置环境变量
# 计算机---属性---高级系统设置---环境变量---系统变量
MYSQL_HOME=D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer80
path=%MYSQL_HOME%\bin;......
初始化data目录
管理员身份运行CMD
C:\Users\xuanyu>mysqld --initialize --console（注意：两个横杠）
2018-10-24T03:06:20.534951Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer80\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server in progress as process 9812
2018-10-24T03:06:20.538000Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
2018-10-24T03:06:23.423916Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lMiZMiu*e43:
2018-10-24T03:06:24.774539Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer80\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server has completed
C:\Users\xuanyu>
执行完成后，会打印 root 用户的初始默认密码，也就是上面的 lMiZMiu*e43:（后面修改Root密码时会用到它）
安装MySQL服务
管理员身份运行CMD：C:\Users\xuanyu>mysqld install，安装成功会提示 Service successfully installed.
启动的话，可以运行 services.msc 手工启动，也可以：C:\Users\xuanyu>net start mysql
修改root密码（8.0.13）
管理员身份运行CMD
C:\Users\xuanyu>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ************
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.13
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> set PASSWORD = PASSWORD("xuanyu");
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'PASSWORD("xuanyu")' at line 1
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xuanyu';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT user, host, plugin, authentication_string FROM mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.session | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.sys | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| root | localhost | mysql_native_password | *E1CD6F8619B9BFA1EB9DBA67D110FCEEBA4B08C2 |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
至此，MySQL-8.0.13 配置完毕
修改root密码（5.7.14）
首次安装后，修改 Root 密码时，会报告下面的错误
注：下面在操作时，直接回车，即视为输入空密码（因为后面要手工修改root密码，所以这里空密码就行）
D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer5714\bin>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
这时需要在 my.ini 的 [mysqld] 条目下增加配置：skip-grant-tables，并重启 MySQL
然后再继续修改，如下所示（注意里面执行的几个SQL命令）
D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer5714\bin>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.14 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password("xuanyu") where user="root";
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
修改完，再把刚才 my.ini 中增加的 skip-grant-tables 配置去掉，再重启 MySQL
这个时候用新密码可以登录了
但在执行诸如 show databases 或者 use mysql 等命令时，会看到下面的提示错误
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> use mysql
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
解决办法是：重新设置一下密码（这里设置的新密码可以与上面设置的root密码相同）
mysql> set PASSWORD = PASSWORD("xuanyu");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
然后用刚才新设置的密码，重新登录，就可以执行 SQL 指令了
至此，MySQL-5.7.14 配置完毕