半步多 玄玉V笔记

Windows安装MySQL

2016-07-22
玄玉

关于 CentOS-6.4-minimal 上面通过源码来安装 MySQL-5.5.38,传送门在此:CentOS安装MySQL

Windows 上安装完 MySQL,以前都会有一个配置向导工具,一路点下去就可以了

今天安装完 mysql-5.7.14.msi 发现:配置向导不提供了,要我们手工修改配置文件

下面来详细介绍一下操作过程

下载

官网下载社区版的页面是:http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

这里 5.7.14 的安装包有300多MB,有点太大了(里面包含了一堆令人不感冒的附加管理工具)

其实 5.6.X 开始,官方就不再明确提供 msi 的下载地址了

我们可以看到 Looking for previous GA versions 里只提供了 5.5.X 这种容量要小很多的 msi 下载

现在,到了脑洞大开的时候了

官网提供的 5.5.62 下载地址为:http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.62-winx64.msi

依此类推

mysql-5.6.32-winx64.msi(37.0MB):http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.51-winx64.msi

mysql-5.7.31-winx64.msi(117MB):http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.44-winx64.msi

mysql-8.0.37-winx64.msi(123MB):https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.37-winx64.msi

mysql-8.4.0-winx64.msi(128MB):https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-8.4/mysql-8.4.0-winx64.msi

安装

下面以 mysql-8.0.13-winx64.msi 为例:双击安装包后,一路Next 下去(注意安装路径)

配置

这是在我的电脑上,安装后的目录结构(以前的图片)

配置my.ini

先备份 my-default.ini,再重命名为 my.ini(5.7 的后面版本以及 8.x 安装后没有my-default.ini,那直接新建 my.ini 即可)

下面是 my-default.ini 的内容

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....


# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

下面是 my.ini 的内容

[mysqld]
# skip-grant-tables
port=3306
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=D:\\Develop\\MySQL\\MySQLServer
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录(data目录在下面初始化时会自动创建,不需要我们手动创建)
datadir=D:\\Develop\\MySQL\\MySQLServer\\data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 允许连接失败的次数(防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统)
max_connect_errors=10
# 服务端使用的字符集
# character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# mysql-8.0.4开始,其密码认证插件就由mysql_native_password改为了caching_sha2_password,而很多数据库工具和链接包暂时还不支持caching_sha2_password
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

[mysql]
# default-character-set=utf8
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

设置环境变量

# 计算机---属性---高级系统设置---环境变量---系统变量
MYSQL_HOME=D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer80
path=%MYSQL_HOME%\bin;......

初始化data目录

管理员身份运行CMD

C:\Users\xuanyu>mysqld --initialize --console(注意:两个横杠)
2018-10-24T03:06:20.534951Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer80\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server in progress as process 9812
2018-10-24T03:06:20.538000Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
2018-10-24T03:06:23.423916Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lMiZMiu*e43:
2018-10-24T03:06:24.774539Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer80\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server has completed

C:\Users\xuanyu>

执行完成后,会打印 root 用户的初始默认密码,也就是上面的 lMiZMiu*e43:(后面修改Root密码时会用到它)

安装MySQL服务

管理员身份运行CMD:C:\Users\xuanyu>mysqld install,安装成功会提示 Service successfully installed.

启动的话,可以运行 services.msc 手工启动,也可以:C:\Users\xuanyu>net start mysql

修改root密码(8.0.13)

管理员身份运行CMD

C:\Users\xuanyu>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ************
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.13

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> set PASSWORD = PASSWORD("xuanyu");
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'PASSWORD("xuanyu")' at line 1
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xuanyu';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT user, host, plugin, authentication_string FROM mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| user             | host      | plugin                | authentication_string                                                  |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.session    | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.sys        | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| root             | localhost | mysql_native_password | *E1CD6F8619B9BFA1EB9DBA67D110FCEEBA4B08C2                              |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

至此,MySQL-8.0.13 配置完毕

修改root密码(5.7.14)

首次安装后,修改 Root 密码时,会报告下面的错误

注:下面在操作时,直接回车,即视为输入空密码(因为后面要手工修改root密码,所以这里空密码就行)

D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer5714\bin>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

这时需要在 my.ini[mysqld] 条目下增加配置:skip-grant-tables,并重启 MySQL

然后再继续修改,如下所示(注意里面执行的几个SQL命令)

D:\Develop\MySQL\MySQLServer5714\bin>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.14 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password("xuanyu") where user="root";
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit;
Bye

修改完,再把刚才 my.ini 中增加的 skip-grant-tables 配置去掉,再重启 MySQL

这个时候用新密码可以登录了

但在执行诸如 show databases 或者 use mysql 等命令时,会看到下面的提示错误

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> use mysql
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

解决办法是:重新设置一下密码(这里设置的新密码可以与上面设置的root密码相同)

mysql> set PASSWORD = PASSWORD("xuanyu");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

然后用刚才新设置的密码,重新登录,就可以执行 SQL 指令了

至此,MySQL-5.7.14 配置完毕


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